Brangelina baby photo, Fair Use and the DMCA or What TimeWarnerAOL is willing to do for total control of the internet

UPDATE | 9 June 2006
It is amazing what money will do. While there are more then 15 prominent sites running the Brangelina photos --the embargo is over after all-- I was insulted and berated by one of the lawyers of the company that serves the IP to my hosting company.

There are proper procedures that IP and hosting companies have to go through when there is a C&D. A C&D is not necessarily an order for a take down. Can you imagine if everybody could invoke the DCMA on an email everytime they didn't like something written about them?

I have been informally adviced that it is illegal to not follow certain steps and procedures and so I am weighing my options. Especially since I did not use the image to write about gossip but to criticize corporate tactics meant to curtail fair use and freedom of speech.

I am writing a longer piece on this issue especially the need for cultural creatives and progressives to invest in rock hard IT businesses. Back in the days art collectives like The Thing [ www.thing.net ] where dial-up networks themselves, 20 YEARS AGO, because they knew of the danger of being shut down for unpopular art.

To save democracy we are going to have to build a new infrastructure capable of sustaining it. That means, investing in businesses that will fight for fair use and freedom of speech instead of cower to the bottom line.




I get an AIM from Lynn and her husband saying to call them immediately. I freaked out given her recent health woes; but they reassured me it had all to do with the Brangelina photo.

The lawyers for TimeWarner AOL and Getty Images invoked the Digital Millenium Copyright Act sent a Cease and Desist letter to AboveNet, a company that services hosting companies.

With no questions asked, AboveNet immediately contacted Simpli.biz, the company that holds our servers. They ordered a "DCMA TAKEDOWN". It means, it does not matter if TimeWarnerAOL is lying about the infringement of copyright allegations. They would force Simpli to force me to take down the image within 24 hours or risk losing their IP and their business by having it blacklisted. And they can force them to do so because this kind of harrassment is protected under the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act.

It really does not matter if I claim Fair Use. If I did not comply within 24 hours they would blacklist the hosting company and all IPs they held. What that means is that, once they blacklisted the IP, they would in effect put Simpli.biz out of business.

So what exists in place with the DCMA is a legally allowed harrassment system in place. If you are writing a blog that a big media company like TimeWarnerAOL finds to their dislike, they can use the DCMA to take you down, no questions asked. And the cost to fight to get back online makes it almost impossible for anybody to fight these kinds of battles.

So I asked Lynn what to do. She knows that ten years ago a similar thing happened to my kids' father with his Barbie spoof, The Distorted Barbie. It was the first in a string of actions that would culminate in Mattel v. Walking Mountain Productions [PDF].

This is what came out of our conversation :

My friend Joy Garnett, who is the the source of culturekitchen's guerrilla man logo, has also become an expert on fair use. She sent me this bit posted at the FairUseNetwork mailing list:

The fair use doctrine permits anyone to use copyrighted works, without the owners' permission, in ways that are fundamentally equitable and fair. Common examples of fair use are criticism, commentary, news reporting, research, scholarship, and multiple copies for classroom use.

[...]

News reporting = blogging.

TimeWarnerAOL owns People Mag. They happen to be one of the biggest lobbyists behind the DCMA (after the RIAA). They also declared with their new "anti-spam" policy how the stand against net neutrality : they want to create different paying levels of access to email, rss, web, ftp, you name it. The want as many tolls they can lay and control along the information superhighway as they can.

Which is why it puts into a whole different context these comments from the people of Hello! and Getty Images :

[via Shiloh Not Ready For Close-Up, Gets It Anyway - Yahoo! News]:

"It's a complete mystery," Hello!'s Herd told Reuters. "And we are very concerned at this breach of copyright.

"It is very difficult to control the Web and this proves how rampantly out of control it is. We have absolutely no idea how the picture was leaked."

A spokesperson for People magazine, meanwhile, had other ideas.

"Somebody from Hello! must have leaked it," the unnamed rep told BBC News. "I don't know how it got there."

However it did, it makes for a particularly pricey stealing of thunder.

As for Getty Images, which Pitt and Jolie announced earlier this week would market the photos, they claim the picture could be seen more as a teaser, enticing the celeb-savvy public into seeing the rest of the shots.

"Our legal team are looking into it and we will take it from there," spokeswoman Alison Crombie told Reuters. "But I really don't think it will devalue the pictures as everyone is dying to see the full set."

The C&D's are after the jump.

I represent Getty Images who has authorized me to act on its behalf for copyright infringement notification.

Infringement of a Getty Images photograph as it appears on the cover of HELLO magazine (the “Photograph”) has been detected on the Web site http://www.culturekitchen.com. The infringing photograph appears on the Web site as follows:

http://www.culturekitchen.com
http://www.culturekitchen.com/liza/blog/this_one_is_for_perez_hilton_che...

This letter is an official notification under the provisions of Section 512(c) of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act to effect removal of the detected infringement. I hereby request that you IMMEDIATELY issue a cancel message, as specified in RFC 1036, for the specified posting and prevent the infringer, who is identified by its Web address, from posting the infringing passwords to your servers in the future. Please be advised that by law, as a service provider, you must “expeditiously remove or disable access to” the infringing passwords upon receiving this notice. Noncompliance may result in a loss of the possibility of immunity under the DMCA.

[ snip ]

Nancy E. Wolff
Cowan DeBaets Abrahams & Sheppard LLP
41 Madison Avenue, 34th floor
New York, NY 10010
Tel: (212) 974-7474
Fax: (212) 974-8474
Email: nwolff@cdas.com

And here is the notice from the impossibly named Nicholas Jollymore, a guy who, once you google him, sounds like a fricking spawn of the dominionist beast.

RGENT LEGAL NOTICE

I am an attorney for Time Inc., the corporate publisher of PEOPLE Magazine. PEOPLE Magazine has purchased exclusive North American rights to the only photographs which have been taken to date of Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt and their newborn baby girl, Shiloh Nouvel. A website hosted by your organization, Culture Kitchen, has posted one of these photographs that appears on the cover of HELLO! Magazine in violation of PEOPLE Magazine's exclusive rights (see http://www.culturekitchen.com/liza/blog/this_one_is_for_perez_hilton_che...). Culture Kitchen's posting of this photograph is a clear violation of the U.S. Copyright Act.

Under the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act, your organization has a legal duty to ensure that this photograph is removed from any website you host. Your failure to remove this photograph from CultureKitchen.com would be a clear violation of the Act.

YOU ARE HEREBY PUT ON NOTICE that the photograph must be removed from CultureKitchen.com immediately. Please confirm by email or telephone that you have complied with your obligations under the Act by removing the photograph from CultureKitchen.com .

Nicholas J. Jollymore
Deputy General Counsel
Time Inc.
1271 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
( (O) 212 522-3083
( (F) 212 467-0844

BTW : We answered to these servants of TimeWarnerAOL but we never got a reply to our email. I guess we are not Gawker enough for them.


liza's picture

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JJ Ross's picture

Expert on fair use

I was once, and it hasn't changed much. My separate front-pager qualifies as fair use because it's commentary-criticism-education on social issues connected to how we sell our children to satisfy community clamoring, as does Liza's criticism-commentary connected to media issues. So it's more than CK's "news reporting" that is squarely fair use.

The fair use doctrine permits anyone to use copyrighted works, without the owners' permission, in ways that are fundamentally equitable and fair. Common examples of fair use are criticism, commentary, news reporting, research, scholarship, and multiple copies for classroom use.

News reporting = blogging.


otherviews's picture

la la land

The rule goes like this... you don't tug on Superman's cape... unless you like pain.

Why wouldn't these people try to protect a multi-million $$$ investment? She thinks she can get it for free just because she interprets the law in a way that suits here?

I think Liza skipped school the day they covered Capitalism 101.


liza's picture

you got it all wrong.

if you knew your popular culture, you'd use the more appropriate reference to Lex Luthor; who was the capitalist villain from the series.

and the reason why lex was a villain was because he was not only pathologically amoral about his investments; but wanted people to use his technology or else.

lex luthor was the complete polar opposite to adam smith's ideal capitalist. that capitalist would be none other than Bruce Wayne, a guy who understood how to make more than a buck while trying to save the world because he understood that unmediated capitalist greed leads to the corruption of laisse-faire or libertarian values and devolves into anarchy.

get your capitalism and pop culture straight.


JJ Ross's picture

No, She Never Enrolled

. . . at all. She was ineligible because she never took the required prerequisite for modern capitalism credit, Exploitation of Innocents 101.


liza's picture

LOL!

i love it!
i so totally flunked that one.

Laughing out loud


Soylent Green's picture

Corporate Lawyers win... get used to it.

Don't even bother... Resistance is futile. Corporations have our government in their back pocket. Just take down the pictures, say "yes sir", and dont make eye contact. Piss them off and they might tatoo your arm and throw you in a gas chamber ("its only a shower")... Or worse, ship your ass off to Cuba for a little torture.

I wouldnt be surprised in this fucked up country.

cheers


Ethic's picture

Clearly not fair use.

Fair Use does not cover culturekitchen's use of the images.

Even if a blog were to be considered "news-gathering", Journalism is NOT covered by fair use.

"Commentary" is fair use if you postthe image, then proceed to do a critical analysis of the image itself (the actual work of art, not the subject of the art) or the creator of the artist.

To put it in clearer context: If you posted a copy of Warhol's Marilyn Monroe screen-prints, and used it to illustrate a story about Warhol, his artistic process, etc. it would count as fair-use. If you were writing an article about Marilyn, the use of the same image would not be fair use.

Journalism does not count as fair use. If it did, every publication would instantly have rights to every news-worthy image ever created.

Bloggers and other surfers would like to have all content for free. Of course they do, everyone wants everything for free - and are increasingly cheap, but this does little to pay the people who create this content for a living. It's also not how the law works.

Copyright is the means by which artists and copyright holders control the use of their work, and the value of that work (which includes future sales - which in turn allows content creators the ability to afford to live, and create more content).

It's really hypocritical for you to complain about a content owner wanting to keep fair control of their content. Culturekitchen takes money for ads, so any use of imagery on your site is commmercial. The very thing that makes companies want to advertise with you is your membership numbers - which are directly affected by your content. The content which you want for free.

So it's okay for you to make money from someone elses work, but not okay for them (the owners) to regulate how their property is being used???

That's just asinine.

I've been a commercial photographer for over 15 yrs, and I'm constantly amazed by people who call themselves publishing "professionals", yet have no clue regarding the rights and ethics regulating the industry in which they wish to participate.

It's this simple: As an artist/content creator, I can't afford to continue to make a living creating art if the uneducated continue to steal it without compensating me for my time, equipment and experience. If I (and all the other professional artists/writers/photographers/content-creators) cannot afford to make a living in our craft, we won't continue to create content professionally (or even close to full-time).

Then everyone loses - the content creators cannot continue to create content, content-based media ceases to exist (or at very best is only created by amateurs) and the vast majority of national and international news-sources dry up.

I'm not sure why you believe that you have a right to use something you didn't create or own just because you want to use it... That's amazingly arrogant.

An essential tool for every publisher should be a clear knowledge of the copyright laws.

Creative Content "licenses" are cute; but they scream "I am an amateur / hobbist".

As soon as I (and other media professionals) no longer have to worry about insurance, taxes, house payments, studio mortgage, advertising, food, etc., etc. I'll be happy to give my work away; but as long as I have responsible to pay my own way (as it is in any consumer-driven economy), then we would all appreciate it if you act in a manner that respects OUR rights and wishes as well.

Please read the actual law on Fair use:

http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/


liza's picture

Well you obviously did not read the original post

the original post was a commentary on the bad business practice of paying for exclusives.

Sheesh. Before you go spewing your bullshit get your facts straight.


Ethic's picture

Actually, I did... and it still...

... doesn't qualify as Fair Use.

My facts are straight; and my "bullshit" comes from over 15 years of experience in a field that you obviously know very little about.

Academics and self-proclaimed "journalists" (read: bloggers) often run afoul of the issue.

Copyright is not the problem.

The problem is rooted firmly in people who want access to artists and companies' work and property without wanting to compensate the creator of that work for their time, effort and market-value.

When an artist or company creates images/photos/artwork, they own it - and have a right to assign a value to it. You are not permitted to benefit from their hard work unless you compensate them for it. If you don't like the value they have assigned to it, that's fine - then you shouldn't buy or use it.

If a company or publication pays for the right to use a piece of art EXCLUSIVELY, they have paid for that right - compensating the creators of that work (and they pay much higher rates for an exclusive, as the creator of the work will not be able to recieve mutliple sales through other rights transfers.

I love how you sling insults at actual publications and publishers who are obeying the law, and paying for media rights that keep the creators of content in business.

It seems that your primary argument centers around the idea that You, and bloggers like you should have access to materials just because it exists...

Just because a car is sitting parked on the curb, should you be given a bypass key to drive it for "fair use"?

Do you walk into a resturaunt, eat, and leave without paying because food is everywhere and therefore should fall under "fair use"?

Of course not. Nor should you have access to media that other people created because you have access to a scanner or an internet connection.

You want the benefit of content for your blog, but are unhappy when the legal owner of that content tells you that you cannot have it.

That's the problem with most blogs - they primarily consist of whining presented in the guise of "journalism".

I're read your comments in several articles regarding Trademark and Copyright in various contexts - You clearly have little real knowledge of how copyright actually works. Which is embarrasing when you call yourself a "journalist".

Journalists fact-check, and know their subject before they comment on them.

Having someone set up "Movable Type" on a server for you does not make you a journalist.

Last note:
We aren't living in a democracy, The US is actually a Republic {w/ a capitalist economy}.


JJ Ross's picture

You Sound Like Margaret Mitchell's Dad

who (as her biographer reported) beat the hell out of her as a small child because he was an expert in your kind of fair use - no use! She and the neighborhood boys put on a play in her parlor on a rainy afternoon, a play she wrote based on an acclaimed book of the time. His intended paternal lesson by pummeling was that she was a thief plain and simple, stealing from that published author what was rightfully his. (He was a patent attorney, clearly biased toward the side of the issue that paid him the bucks to provide their parlor in the first place.)

His memorable lecture and extreme actions that afternoon (otherwise he ignored her emotionally) sounded about as loony to me as yours does. But we're all grown up here, and you won't be able to enforce your personal profit-biased "expertise" (LOL!) by beating into submission those of us more interested in the creative collective than collection from creatives.


RoniS's picture

For Crying Out Loud

Instead of bitching about your take on the state of our country, just go down to your local store and look at the pictures as you stand in line to buy your pork rinds! If you post pictures that aren't yours, your going to get your hands slapped.


Babs's picture

fair use, etc., et al, yada, yada, yada

I happened upon this blog as I was gathering information for a high school journalism class. They will have a field day with this one! Your inane arguments (JJ) are about as valid as a those of a freshmen explaining why they want the hall pass for the 40th time in a term. A first semester debate student would anihilate you in a second. You and Liza have absolutely no solid footing other than "I told you so!" And the example of Margaret Mitchell's father is an extreme (and also typical of a bygone era that is, thank God, no longer.) But, I do appreciate Liza's original piece. I was in need of example's of how blogs are not responsible journalism or even "journalism." Perhaps she should concentrate on her grammar and writing skills a bit more, then we may be able to understand her thesis and she wouldn't have to depend on copyright infringement to entice readers.


JJ Ross's picture

Oh, Good, SchoolThink!

. . .hope you stick around to explain more about what you're teaching your high school journalism students and why. Maybe you can teach me a thing or two -- my bachelor's with honors in news-editorial journalism from a public university's then-top five J school was decades ago, and based on your example as teacher now, obviously the standards in journalism education have changed completely!


JJ Ross's picture

Liza? Where did the other comment go?

It was long, with anchors, titled Margaret Mitchell's Lessons. It was approved and appeared here for a couple of hours. Now it has vanished and the comment count dropped back from 14 to 13 in this thread. Thoughts?


Steve Johnson's picture

You're Barking Up The Wrong Tree

Your issue is with yourself, not with AOL/Getty.

You're right about "fair use", and that's coming from me, a pro-business guy, small-government guy.

Yeah, anyone can send a C&D under the DMCA, but it's up to you to defend yourself. In this case, you opted to put a neutral company (Simpli.biz) between yourself and AOL, and perhaps expected them to fight for you. My guess is that you're not paying them extra to act as your legal defense.

I suggest buying your own server, setting it up in your home/office, so that only you can take down images.


liza's picture

Re: You're Barking Up The Wrong Tree

[quote=Steve Johnson]I suggest buying your own server, setting it up in your home/office, so that only you can take down images. [/quote]

Nope. It's not that easy. The ISP company harrased both the hosting company AND me. I have a collocated server but I would still have to contract the ISP from someone else. In this case Above.Net's representative was extremely malicious in his interpretation of DCMA. But, due to the way the law has been written I would have to incur in the cost and headache of a lawsuit (which I am still planning to do) in order to prove it was Fair Use.

Which would lead me to ponder when did it become an economic incentive to curtail freedom of speech. What I really am interested in is not so much the when but the how : How did we as a culture get us into this civil liberties mess? How did we as a country made it OK to make money out of taking away our freedoms?


JJ Ross's picture

July 4 is right day to ask

don't you think?

"How did we as a culture get us into this civil liberties mess? How did we as a country made it OK to make money out of taking away our freedoms?"


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